The Pomelo (Citrus maxima), known in Thai as Som-O (ส้มโอ), is the largest and arguably the most majestic fruit in the citrus family. Highly prized throughout Thailand, the Som-O is cherished for its refreshing, sweet, and slightly tangy flavor, as well as its cultural association with auspiciousness and well-being.
The Som-O is impressive in size, often appearing as a giant, pale green or yellow grapefruit with a slightly rounded, thick rind. Unlike its cousin, the grapefruit, the pomelo has a very thick white pith, which is easily peeled away to reveal the edible flesh.The edible part consists of large, neatly segmented vesicles, or sacs, that are usually pale yellow, pink, or red, depending on the variety. The segments are covered in a thin, tough membrane which is typically removed before eating to achieve the full pleasure of the soft, juicy flesh.
Thailand is home to several renowned varieties, each distinguished by its unique balance of sweet and sour:
The Pomelo holds an important place in Thai tradition, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune due to its round, full shape and its auspicious golden-yellow color (when ripe). It is often offered during Lunar New Year celebrations and other important festivals.In the culinary world, the Som-O is enjoyed far beyond being a simple fruit. Its firm, juicy segments are a staple in one of Thailand's most refreshing salads: Yam Som-O (Pomelo Salad). This dish combines the sweet and tart pomelo with a spicy-savory dressing, often featuring shrimp, shredded coconut, and crushed peanuts, creating a vibrant, complex explosion of flavor.The Thai Pomelo, with its size, invigorating taste, and cultural importance, truly stands out as a unique and refreshing jewel of Thailand's tropical fruit basket.